Hello everyone! I was too lazy to write. I think the upshift now works as before.
I replaced the DPF and the car ran better for a while but then the same problems started. Next I replaced the back pressure sensor. This also helped, but from time to time there were still problems when shifting into higher gears. After a few months something very strange happened. The gearbox switched from 6 to 1, there was no traction, I had to try to pull over to the side of the road. The "Car Scanner" mobile app showed a DP sensor error, but there was no such error when checking with Xentry. This happened a few times before Xentry would report that the DPF was faulty or the DP sensor signal was unreliable or something like that. After replacing the DP sensor and boost sensor, everything now works as it should.
I have the latest software update from the MB dealer (which was already installed when the problems started) and the DPF now regenerates about every 200km or so depending on whether you do mostly city or highway driving. And it seems/feels like when the time for regeneration approaches, the upward movement does not happen as quickly. I'm not sure, but maybe this update also changed the exchange programs. Attached a photo of a faulty DPF and a new one. The cells of the old one have shifted upwards by 2-3 mm (the wall was broken).